Docker实现Mariadb分库分表、读写分离-白红宇

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一、简介

本文使用docker实现mysql主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。

二、环境准备

1.基础环境

java

java version "1.8.0_111"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)复制代码

docker

Client: Version:	18.03.0-ce API version:	1.37 Go version:	go1.9.4 Git commit:	0520e24 Built:	Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64 Experimental:	false Orchestrator:	swarmServer: Engine:  Version:	18.03.0-ce  API version:	1.37 (minimum version 1.12)  Go version:	go1.9.4  Git commit:	0520e24  Built:	Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018  OS/Arch:	linux/amd64  Experimental:	false复制代码

三、安装Mysql主从配置

1.部署信息

节点名称	数据名称	节点IP	端口
master	marster	192.168.92.50	3306
slave	slave	192.168.92.51	3307
mycat	mycat	192.168.92.50	8066/9066

2.主节点配置文件

创建mysql主节点配置文件

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mastermkdir conf data复制代码

创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf

[mysqld]server-id=1log-bin=master-bin  #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.skip-host-cacheskip-name-resolvecollation-server = utf8_unicode_ciinit-connect='SET NAMES utf8'character-set-server = utf8[mysql]  default-character-set=utf8[client]  default-character-set=utf8复制代码

创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slavemkdir conf data复制代码

[mysqld]server-id=2log-bin=master-bin skip-host-cacheskip-name-resolvecollation-server = utf8_unicode_ciinit-connect='SET NAMES utf8'character-set-server = utf8[mysql]  default-character-set=utf8[client]  default-character-set=utf8复制代码

3.创建mysql容器

此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器

创建主节点myslq

docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci复制代码

创建从节点mysql

docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci复制代码

4.开启主从复制

step 1 进入主节点

docker exec -it master /bin/bashmysql -uroot -p复制代码

step 2 创建用户

create user  'backUser'@'%'  identified by 'root';grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%';flush privileges;show master status;MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| master-bin.000003 |      787 |              |                  |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.000 sec)复制代码

step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步

docker exec -it slave /bin/bashmysql -uroot -prootchange master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;复制代码

开启主从复制：

start slave;复制代码

从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position

检查主从复制是否OK

show slave status \G;复制代码

*************************** 1. row ***************************                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                   Master_Host: 192.168.92.50                   Master_User: backUser                   Master_Port: 3306                 Connect_Retry: 60               Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343                Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002                 Relay_Log_Pos: 556         Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005              Slave_IO_Running: Yes             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes复制代码

Slave出现2个YES,代表主从复制设置成功。

5、安装Mycat

下载mycat在50节点实现安装

tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gzmv mycat/ /usr/local/复制代码

修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码

上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test。

配置rule规则修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则


    
    	
              
      
		
      
	
     	
     	
     	
     	
     	
     		
      
       select user()
      		
      		
      			
       		
      	
     
    复制代码

上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。

dataNode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应dataHost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。

配置表分片规则文件rule.xml


    
    
        
        	
     		
      			
       
        id
       			
       
        func1
       		
      	
     	
     	
     		
      			
       
        id
       			
       
        jump-consistent-hash
       		
      	
     	
     		
      
       0
      
      		
      
       2
      
      		
      
       160
      
      		
      		
      	
     	
     	
     	
     		
      
       partition-hash-int.txt
      	
     	
     		
      
       autopartition-long.txt
      	
     	
     		
      		
      
       3
      	
     	
     		
      
       8
      		
      
       128
      	
     	
     		
      
       24
      	
     	
     		
      
       yyyy-MM-dd
      		
      
       2015-01-01
      	
     		
             	
      
       partition-range-mod.txt
      	
     		
     		
      
       3
      	
     
    复制代码

上述文件重点关注第一个tableRule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中 func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了PartitionByLong分片算法。

conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：

TB_USER.HISIDS=TB_USER.MINID=1TB_USER.MAXID=20000TB_USER.CURID=1复制代码

主要申明了主键增长的策略。

四、Mycat分库分表实践测试

1.master节点手动创建数据库

master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)

此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。

2.开启mycat

使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat

./mycat start 启动./mycat stop 停止	./mycat console 前台运行	./mycat restart 重启服务./mycat pause 暂停	./mycat status 查看启动状态复制代码

如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。

FATAL  | wrapper  | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory复制代码

如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。

[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat statusMycat-server is running (5065).复制代码

上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。

2.放行mycat通信端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reload复制代码

使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例

docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456  -d longhronshens/mycat-docker 复制代码

或者关闭防火墙。

3. mycat连接

使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)

使用命令连接mycat

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 12Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> 复制代码

管理端命令：

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066 复制代码

查看虚拟逻辑库：

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+----------+| DATABASE |+----------+| test     |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> 复制代码

使用逻辑库创建表：

MySQL [(none)]> use test;CREATE TABLE `tb_user`  (  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',  `password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码，加密存储',  `phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册手机号',  `email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册邮箱',  `created` datetime(0) NOT NULL,  `updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,  UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE,  UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE,  UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '用户表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;复制代码

可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表

在创建一张表：

CREATE TABLE `tb_category`  (  `id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,  `name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字',  `sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数',  `created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,  `updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,  INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;复制代码

插入一条数据：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');复制代码

为测试分库效果，我们插入不同ID的数据来观察一下：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');复制代码

可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。

查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 16Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]>  show @@heartbeat;+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+| NAME   | TYPE  | HOST          | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME    | STOP  |+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |       1 |     0 | idle   |   30000 | 1,9,6        | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false || hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |       1 |     0 | idle   |   30000 | 1,9,67381    | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+2 rows in set (0.36 sec)复制代码

上述 RS_CODE 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。

查询mycat所有命令：

MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+| STATEMENT                                                    | DESCRIPTION                                |+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+| show @@time.current                                          | Report current timestamp                   || show @@time.startup                                          | Report startup timestamp                   || show @@version                                               | Report Mycat Server version                || show @@server                                                | Report server status                       || show @@threadpool                                            | Report threadPool status                   || show @@database                                              | Report databases                           || show @@datanode                                              | Report dataNodes                           || show @@datanode where schema = ?                             | Report dataNodes                           || show @@datasource                                            | Report dataSources                         || show @@datasource where dataNode = ?                         | Report dataSources                         || show @@datasource.synstatus                                  | Report datasource data synchronous         || show @@datasource.syndetail where name=?                     | Report datasource data synchronous detail  || show @@datasource.cluster                                    | Report datasource galary cluster variables || show @@processor                                             | Report processor status                    || show @@command                                               | Report commands status                     || show @@connection                                            | Report connection status                   || show @@cache                                                 | Report system cache usage                  || show @@backend                                               | Report backend connection status           || show @@session                                               | Report front session details               || show @@connection.sql                                        | Report connection sql                      || show @@sql.execute                                           | Report execute status                      || show @@sql.detail where id = ?                               | Report execute detail status               || show @@sql                                                   | Report SQL list                            || show @@sql.high                                              | Report Hight Frequency SQL                 || show @@sql.slow                                              | Report slow SQL                            || show @@sql.resultset                                         | Report BIG RESULTSET SQL                   || show @@sql.sum                                               | Report  User RW Stat                       || show @@sql.sum.user                                          | Report  User RW Stat                       || show @@sql.sum.table                                         | Report  Table RW Stat                      || show @@parser                                                | Report parser status                       || show @@router                                                | Report router status                       || show @@heartbeat                                             | Report heartbeat status                    || show @@heartbeat.detail where name=?                         | Report heartbeat current detail            || show @@slow where schema = ?                                 | Report schema slow sql                     || show @@slow where datanode = ?                               | Report datanode slow sql                   || show @@sysparam                                              | Report system param                        || show @@syslog limit=?                                        | Report system mycat.log                    || show @@white                                                 | show mycat white host                      || show @@white.set=?,?                                         | set mycat white host,[ip,user]             || show @@directmemory=1 or 2                                   | show mycat direct memory usage             || show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency       || switch @@datasource name:index                               | Switch dataSource                          || kill @@connection id1,id2,...                                | Kill the specified connections             || stop @@heartbeat name:time                                   | Pause dataNode heartbeat                   || reload @@config                                              | Reload basic config from file              || reload @@config_all                                          | Reload all config from file                || reload @@route                                               | Reload route config from file              || reload @@user                                                | Reload user config from file               || reload @@sqlslow=                                            | Set Slow SQL Time(ms)                      || reload @@user_stat                                           | Reset show @@sql  @@sql.sum @@sql.slow     || rollback @@config                                            | Rollback all config from memory            || rollback @@route                                             | Rollback route config from memory          || rollback @@user                                              | Rollback user config from memory           || reload @@sqlstat=open                                        | Open real-time sql stat analyzer           || reload @@sqlstat=close                                       | Close real-time sql stat analyzer          || offline                                                      | Change MyCat status to OFF                 || online                                                       | Change MyCat status to ON                  || clear @@slow where schema = ?                                | Clear slow sql by schema                   || clear @@slow where datanode = ?                              | Clear slow sql by datanode                 |+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+59 rows in set (0.16 sec)复制代码

遇到如下错误：

修改schema.xml 文件属性checkSQLschema:


    
     复制代码

遇到如下错误：

jvm 1    | Caused by: io.mycat.config.util.ConfigException: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.load(XMLServerLoader.java:111)jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.
    
     (XMLServerLoader.java:69)jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLConfigLoader.
     
      (XMLConfigLoader.java:56)jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.config.ConfigInitializer.
      
       (ConfigInitializer.java:77)jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.config.MycatConfig.
       
        (MycatConfig.java:72)jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.MycatServer.
        
         (MycatServer.java:144)jvm 1    | 	at io.mycat.MycatServer.
         
          (MycatServer.java:96)jvm 1 | ... 7 morejvm 1 | Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".复制代码

请修改server.xml 文件，将user模块的defaultAccount取消：

最后放一张mycat查询结果截图：

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